Django添加自定义的404等错误页面
当Django的settings里debug为True时,本地调试进入不存在的页面之类的操作,会提示路由错误,或者500错误时提示出错的代码位置。
当settings里debug为false时,只有简单的提示,比如404是显示文字(Not Found The requested resource was not found on this server.),403和500的错误也是一样。
这种默认的无样式的提示对于要发布的网站则不怎么友好,于是往往自己定义新的页面,但需要让django在遇到对应的错误类型时显示对应的html文件。模板文件的路径不同,我们会有不同的处理。
首先添加一个404的html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>404 not found</title>
<!--template from https://freefrontend.com/html-css-404-page-templates/ -->
<style>
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat:400,600,700');
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Catamaran:400,800');
.error-container {
text-align: center;
font-size: 180px;
font-family: 'Catamaran', sans-serif;
font-weight: 800;
margin: 20px 15px;
}
.error-container > span {
display: inline-block;
line-height: 0.7;
position: relative;
color: #FFB485;
}
.error-container > span {
display: inline-block;
position: relative;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.error-container > span:nth-of-type(1) {
color: #D1F2A5;
animation: colordancing 4s infinite;
}
.error-container > span:nth-of-type(3) {
color: #F56991;
animation: colordancing2 4s infinite;
}
.error-container > span:nth-of-type(2) {
width: 120px;
height: 120px;
border-radius: 999px;
}
.error-container > span:nth-of-type(2):before,
.error-container > span:nth-of-type(2):after {
border-radius: 0%;
content:"";
position: absolute;
top: 0; left: 0;
width: inherit; height: inherit;
border-radius: 999px;
box-shadow: inset 30px 0 0 rgba(209, 242, 165, 0.4),
inset 0 30px 0 rgba(239, 250, 180, 0.4),
inset -30px 0 0 rgba(255, 196, 140, 0.4),
inset 0 -30px 0 rgba(245, 105, 145, 0.4);
animation: shadowsdancing 4s infinite;
}
.error-container > span:nth-of-type(2):before {
-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);
-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);
transform: rotate(45deg);
}
.screen-reader-text {
position: absolute;
top: -9999em;
left: -9999em;
}
@keyframes shadowsdancing {
0% {
box-shadow: inset 30px 0 0 rgba(209, 242, 165, 0.4),
inset 0 30px 0 rgba(239, 250, 180, 0.4),
inset -30px 0 0 rgba(255, 196, 140, 0.4),
inset 0 -30px 0 rgba(245, 105, 145, 0.4);
}
25% {
box-shadow: inset 30px 0 0 rgba(245, 105, 145, 0.4),
inset 0 30px 0 rgba(209, 242, 165, 0.4),
inset -30px 0 0 rgba(239, 250, 180, 0.4),
inset 0 -30px 0 rgba(255, 196, 140, 0.4);
}
50% {
box-shadow: inset 30px 0 0 rgba(255, 196, 140, 0.4),
inset 0 30px 0 rgba(245, 105, 145, 0.4),
inset -30px 0 0 rgba(209, 242, 165, 0.4),
inset 0 -30px 0 rgba(239, 250, 180, 0.4);
}
75% {
box-shadow: inset 30px 0 0 rgba(239, 250, 180, 0.4),
inset 0 30px 0 rgba(255, 196, 140, 0.4),
inset -30px 0 0 rgba(245, 105, 145, 0.4),
inset 0 -30px 0 rgba(209, 242, 165, 0.4);
}
100% {
box-shadow: inset 30px 0 0 rgba(209, 242, 165, 0.4),
inset 0 30px 0 rgba(239, 250, 180, 0.4),
inset -30px 0 0 rgba(255, 196, 140, 0.4),
inset 0 -30px 0 rgba(245, 105, 145, 0.4);
}
}
@keyframes colordancing {
0% {
color: #D1F2A5;
}
25% {
color: #F56991;
}
50% {
color: #FFC48C;
}
75% {
color: #EFFAB4;
}
100% {
color: #D1F2A5;
}
}
@keyframes colordancing2 {
0% {
color: #FFC48C;
}
25% {
color: #EFFAB4;
}
50% {
color: #D1F2A5;
}
75% {
color: #F56991;
}
100% {
color: #FFC48C;
}
}
/* demo stuff */
* {
-webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
-moz-box-sizing: border-box;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
background-color: #416475;
margin-bottom: 50px;
}
html, button, input, select, textarea {
font-family: 'Montserrat', Helvetica, sans-serif;
color: #92a4ad;
}
h1 {
text-align: center;
margin: 30px 15px;
}
.zoom-area {
max-width: 490px;
margin: 30px auto 30px;
font-size: 19px;
text-align: center;
}
.link-container {
text-align: center;
}
a.more-link {
text-transform: uppercase;
font-size: 13px;
background-color: #92a4ad;
padding: 10px 15px;
border-radius: 0;
color: #416475;
display: inline-block;
margin-right: 5px;
margin-bottom: 5px;
line-height: 1.5;
text-decoration: none;
margin-top: 50px;
letter-spacing: 1px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<section class="error-container">
<span>4</span>
<span><span class="screen-reader-text">0</span></span>
<span>4</span>
<p class="zoom-area"><b>找不到页面,请检查访问地址是否有误</b></p>
</section>
<div class="link-container">
<a href="/" class="more-link">回到主页</a>
<a href="javascript:history.go(-1)" class="more-link">返回上页</a>
</div>
</body>
</html>
1. 若文件直接命名为404.html, 403.html, 500.html这样的,且放在settings设置templates的根目录下,那么不需要我们做任何其他事。
首先检查templates在settings中的定义。
比如默认是是在代码目录下的templates文件夹:
TEMPLATES = [
{
...
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
...
},
]
于是只要将这几个html文件(注意名字)放在这个目录下,重启django即可。
2. 若需要单独存放并管理异常页面,则需要修改几个文件。
比如在templates目录下新建errors目录,将这几个html文件放进error文件夹内。
在对应app的views.py里新增几个方法,对应render这几个html:
def page_not_found(request, exception):
return render(request, 'error/404.html')
def permission_denied(request, exception):
return render(request, 'error/403.html')
def internal_error(request):
return render(request, 'error/500.html')
然后在项目的urls.py中添加如下内容以指定:
from django.conf.urls import handler500, handler404, handler403
from blog import views as blog_views
handler403 = blog_views.permission_denied
handler404 = blog_views.page_not_found
handler500 = blog_views.internal_error
此时重启django即可。
需要注意的是,用下面的是不行的,会提示类似The custom handler404 view 'blog.views.page_not_found' does not take the correct number of arguments (request, exception)。这是因为新版的django对于非500错误是需要在参数中加上exception。像上面的代码那样。
# 错误的,会报错,缺少exception
def page_not_found(request):
return render(request, 'error/404.html')
def permission_denied(request):
return render(request, 'error/403.html')